مراحل نمو النباتات المزهرة Growth cycle of flowering plants

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It might be said
The growth of a flowering plant has a cycle like pattern. Flowers come from seeds. Each different part of a plant has a unique purpose. Bright colors on petals can attract insects and nectar feeds insects.

Life cycle of a flowering plant
These are the main parts of a flower.

Flowering plants go through the following growth cycle.

How seeds are made?
Pollen is carried by insects or blown by the wind from one flower to another. This process is called pollination.
Pollen reaches the carpel of the new flower, where it fertilises egg cells in the ovary to make seeds. This process is called fertilization.

The seeds are scattered by animals or the wind. This process is called dispersal. Some of the seeds will grow into new plants.

Petals

Petals are often very brightly colored. This is because their main job is to attract insects, such as bees or butterflies, into the flower. The insects pick up pollen from the flower, and carry it to the next flower they visit. This is how most flowers are pollinated.

Not all flowers have brightly colored petals. Some grasses, for example, have small, dull, off-white flowers. This is because they are not pollinated by insects or other animals, but use the wind to blow their pollen grains to other plants.

Sepals

Sepals are special types of leaves that form a ring around the petals. Their job is to protect the flower while it is still a bud. After the flower has opened, the sepals can still be seen behind the petals.

Sepals are usually green or brown, although in some plants they are the same color as the petals.

Nectaries

The nectaries are the parts of a flower that make nectar. Nectar is a sweet substance, which insects drink to give them energy. Bees also use nectar to make honey.

The nectaries are usually right in the center of the flower. This means the insects have to reach deep into the flower to find the nectar. As they do so, their bodies pick up pollen from the anthers, and they carry it to the next flower they visit.

Carpels

The carpel is the part of the flower, where the seeds are made. The carpel has three parts: the stigma, the style, and the ovary.

The stigma is covered in a sticky substance. Its job is to "catch" the grains of pollen (which usually come from another flower). The style is the stalk that holds up the stigma. The ovary contains the ovules (or "eggs").

When the flower is pollinated, the pollen sticks to the stigma. It then travels down the style to the ovary. In the ovary, the pollen joins with the ovules, and the ovules become seeds. This is called fertilization. After fertilization, the ovary turns into the fruit.

Stamens

The stamens are the parts of the flower that make pollen. Pollen is a fine yellow powder that is needed to make a new plant. Each stamen has two parts: an anther and a filament. The anther contains the pollen and the filament holds up the anther. The pollen is carried to the stigma of another flower and fertilizes it, and new seeds are made.

Receptacle

The receptacle is the top part of the flower stalk, where the parts of the flower are attached. It is often rounded in shape. All the parts of the flower are attached to the receptacle

Find out more about a flower's growth cycle

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